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Pi 40-Pin GPIO Header (Bottom 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Pi","families.raspberry-pi.description",[868,873,878],{"id":14,"publisher":11,"title":869,"documentType":870,"url":871,"version":872,"accessedDate":19},"Raspberry Pi Hardware Documentation — GPIO and the 40-Pin Header","reference_manual","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.raspberrypi.com\u002Fdocumentation\u002Fcomputers\u002Fraspberry-pi.html#gpio-and-the-40-pin-header","Release 2024",{"id":15,"publisher":11,"title":874,"documentType":875,"url":876,"version":877,"accessedDate":19},"BCM2711 ARM Peripherals (Raspberry Pi 4B & Compute Module 4)","datasheet","https:\u002F\u002Fdatasheets.raspberrypi.com\u002Fbcm2711\u002Fbcm2711-peripherals.pdf","v2.0",{"id":16,"publisher":11,"title":879,"documentType":880,"url":881,"version":882,"accessedDate":19},"Raspberry Pi HAT+ \u002F HAT Design Guide & EEPROM Specification","user_guide","https:\u002F\u002Fdatasheets.raspberrypi.com\u002Fhat\u002Fhat-plus-specification.pdf","v1.0",[884,887,890,893],{"slug":885,"name":886},"raspberry-pi-pico","Raspberry Pi Pico",{"slug":888,"name":889},"arduino-mega-2560","Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3",{"slug":891,"name":892},"arduino-pro-mini","Arduino Pro Mini",{"slug":894,"name":895},"nodemcu-v2-cp2102","NodeMCU v2 Amica (ESP8266)",[],[],{"title":899,"description":900,"card":901,"intro":902,"safe":903,"adc":904,"interfaces":905,"strapping":906,"input":907,"overview":908},"Raspberry Pi 40-Pin GPIO Universal Expansion Header (5, 4, 3, Zero)","Comprehensive interactive pinout diagram and electrical specifications for the standardized Raspberry Pi 40-pin GPIO expansion header (Pi 5, 4B, 3B+, 3, 2, Zero 2W). BCM vs physical pin numbering, I2C, SPI, UART, PWM, I2S\u002FPCM, strict 3.3V logic limits.","Standardized 40-pin expansion header across Raspberry Pi single-board computers (5, 4, 3, Zero) featuring BCM GPIO mapping, I2C, SPI, UART, and PCM.","This page documents the standardized 40-pin GPIO expansion header (J8 header) shared across all modern Raspberry Pi single-board computers — including Raspberry Pi 5, 4B, 3B+, 3, 2, 1B+, Zero, and Zero 2 W. It serves as the unified hardware standard for sensors, expansion modules, and official HAT add-ons, exposing 28 general-purpose digital I\u002FO lines (BCM GPIO), 3.3V and 5V power rails, dual I2C, SPI, UART, hardware PWM, and I2S\u002FPCM audio channels.","Caution: Broadcom processors on Raspberry Pi boards operate strictly at 3.3V logic and are NOT 5V tolerant! Applying 5V to any GPIO pin will permanently destroy the SoC. Maximum current per GPIO is 16 mA, and aggregate draw from all 3.3V pins should not exceed 50 mA.","Raspberry Pi boards have no native Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) on the 40-pin GPIO header. To read analog sensors, use external ADC converters connected via I2C or SPI (e.g., ADS1115 or MCP3008).","Core interfaces: I2C1 on Pin 3 (SDA) & Pin 5 (SCL) with onboard 1.8 kΩ pull-ups; SPI0 on Pins 19 (MOSI), 21 (MISO), 23 (SCLK), 24 (CE0), 26 (CE1); Primary UART0 on Pins 8 (TXD) & 10 (RXD); Hardware PWM on GPIO 12, 13, 18, 19; I2S\u002FPCM audio on GPIO 18 (CLK), 19 (FS), 20 (DIN), 21 (DOUT).","Pins 27 (ID_SD) and 28 (ID_SC) are dedicated to the HAT ID EEPROM on I2C0. They are reserved by the official HAT specification for hardware auto-identification at boot and must never be used as general-purpose GPIO or user sensors.","All 28 BCM GPIO lines support software-configurable internal pull-up and pull-down resistors, edge-triggered interrupts, and drive strength configuration from 2 to 16 mA per pin.",{"summary":909,"power":910,"notes":914,"useCases":918,"before":922},"Standardized 40-pin expansion header (J8) with 2.54mm pitch, common to Raspberry Pi models (5, 4B, 3B+, 3, Zero). Provides direct access to 28 BCM GPIO lines, I2C, SPI, UART, PWM, I2S buses, and 3.3V\u002F5V power rails.",{"usbc":911,"pins":912,"poe":913},"USB Type-C power input (5V DC, recommended 5V\u002F3A for Pi 4 or 5V\u002F5A PD for Pi 5)","Pins 2 & 4 (5V) and Pins 1 & 17 (3.3V) on the header for powering peripherals or supplying the board","Power over Ethernet (PoE \u002F PoE+ HAT) via dedicated 4-pin header near the Ethernet jack",{"logic":915,"hat_id":916,"bcm_vs_phys":917},"Strict 3.3V Logic: GPIOs are NOT 5V tolerant. Always use bidirectional logic level converters when connecting 5V components.","Pins ID_SD (27) and ID_SC (28) are reserved for HAT ID EEPROM detection at boot — do not connect general peripherals here.","Pay close attention to Physical Pin numbers (1-40) vs BCM GPIO numbers (GPIO 0-27) in Python and C library configurations.",{"hats":919,"automation":920,"iot":921},"Stacking official and third-party HAT accessories (audio DACs, displays, motor controllers, sensor shields).","Industrial and home automation control, robotics, relay switching, and stepper motor control.","Building IoT gateways and environmental monitoring stations using I2C, SPI, and 1-Wire digital sensors.",{"no_5v":923,"adjacent_5v":924,"hat_eeprom":925},"Never apply more than 3.3V to any GPIO pin. Exceeding 3.3V will permanently fry the Broadcom processor.","Exercise extreme care when probing pins 2 and 4 (5V); an accidental short to pin 1 (3.3V) or pin 3 (GPIO 2) will permanently destroy the board.","Do not pull pins 27 and 28 high or low during boot unless communicating with an official HAT EEPROM.",1791663946721]